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Otto Lilienthal


Otto Lilienthal
A German mechanical engineer, Otto Lilienthal (b1848-d1896), began researching aerodynamic effects of wing shapes in the 1870's. In 1889, he published the 'Birdflight as the Basis for Aviation' book that detailed aerodynamic formulas. The book was the most informative aviation book of the time.

From 1891 to 1896, Lilienthal built five gliders that had a single wing (monoplane) and two gliders that had stacked wings (biplane). Lilenthal's wing design was shaped as a true symmetrical curve rather than the parabolic shape of the airfoils today. During his flying career, he managed to complete over 2000 flights.

During Lilienthal's first flights, he suspended himself in the glider with only his arms. By 1895, he developed a harness that was used to hang from the glider. In retrospect, with the application of the harness, Lilienthal was the first hang glider pilot.


Otto Lilienthal's Glider
Lilienthal managed to fly for distances of over 800 feet (250 meters) in gliders that were foot launched from man-made hilltops near his home in Gross-Lichterfelde, Germany.

On August 8, 1896, Otto Lilienthal crashed his hang glider from an altitude of 50 feet (15.3 meters) after a wind gust ripped apart one of his wings. He died the next day in a Berlin hospital from a broken back. His last words were 'Sacrifices must be made'.

Lilienthal's knowledge in aerodynamics would prove beneficial to the Wrights who would later read his book and use the concepts as a beginning point for building their gliders.

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