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General Information

Video is, in its broadest sense, the visual media that includes television and VHS and DVD format videotapes. In its most limited sense it refers to videotapes, recording using video tapes and the content of video tapes. The technology incorporates the electronic capturing, recording, storage, and transmission of a sequence of still images representing motion. The main use of videotapes is for watching movies.

In the United States and various other parts of the world, the word ‘video’ may refer to a television, the content of television programs and television broadcasting.


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Definition

Video can be defined as:

1. An electrical signal containing timing (synchronization), luminance (intensity), and often chrominance (color) information that, when displayed on an appropriate device, gives a visual image or representation of the original image sequences.

2. Pertaining to the sections of a television system that carry television signals, either in unmodulated or modulated form.

3. Pertaining to the demodulated radar signal that is applied to a radar display device.

4. Pertaining to the bandwidth or data rate necessary for the transmission of real-time television pictures. In practice, the baseband bandwidth required for the transmission of NTSC television pictures (not including the audio carriers) is approximately 5 MHz.


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Videography

Videography is a term used to refer to recording moving images into an electronic storage format. They can be recorded onto a videotape, DVD, flash drive or hard disk. Although the images are recorded on an electronic media, instead of film stock, videography is the equivalent to cinematography.

The word videography combines the word “video”, which is from the Greek and Latin meaning “I see” or “I apprehend”, and the word “graphy” with means “to write”. Its contemporary sense is rooted in an article titled “Videography: What Does It All Mean?” (American Cinematographer, October 1972).

During the late 20th century, the advent of digital imaging began to blur the fine line between cinematography and videography. Today’s digital cameras are quickly making film cameras into collector’s items.

Today, the videography market includes both the distribution and the production of a video. With this growth has come the market segmentation, which is based on the application event video, broadcast video, corporate video etc.

The arrival of the Internet has created a global environment where videography has surpassed simply shooting videos with a camera. Included under the videography umbrella are gaming, digital animation (such as Flash), video blogging, web streaming, remote sensing, still slideshows, medical imaging, spatial imaging and in general, the production of most bitmap-and vector based assets. As the field of videography continues to grow, they may produce the videos solely on the computer, without ever using digital software or an imaging device. Furthermore, the concept of privacy and sociality are being reformed by the abundance of cell phone video cameras. Such devices are quickly spreading in industrialized societies.

A videographer can be the person in charge of the visual design of a production, which is equivalent to a cinematographer. They can also be the person who is actually running the camera.

A popular niche to emerge is the field of wedding and event videography.Wedding videography is the documentation of a wedding on video. Common styles include "documentary" and "cinematic".

Documentary style refers to a journalitic style of the event as it unfolds. Events are edited in a linear fashion as they occurred during the day to preserve continuity.

Cinematic, within the wedding industry, is defined as the capturing and editing for the dramatic effect and mood. Common post-production techniques include the use of slo-motion, black and white, and letterbox mattes.

The word videography can also refer to the compilation of an artist’s video releases or music videos. This easily compares to “filmography”.


Based On:

1. videography

2. wedding videography


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Storage

There are several popular media formats used for video storage which can be categorized as either digital or analog.

Digital video exists in many formats including DVD, Digital Beta, DV, Quicktime, and MPEG-4.Quality of the digital formats depend upon the capturing method and amount of digital compression used.

Analog formats record moving images and sound onto magnetic tape. Tape is a linear method of storing information and includes formats such as VHS, Betamax, and HI-8.


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Analog and Digital Color Space - Y'CBCR, YIQ, YUV

YUV
YUV is the color encoding system used for NTSC, PAL, and SECAM. Y represents the luminance channel, while U and V carry the color difference components. In the YUV colorspace, Y information only occurs once, and the color is determined by the chrominance data in U and V. U and V are difference values, derived by subtracting the luminance value from the blue component and from the red-luminance component. When the picture is displayed, the green component is derived using the U and V values.

YIQ
YIQ is a colorspace originally used for encoding NTSC video in 1953.
It eventually become obsolete with the introduction of YUV. The Y component carries the luma channel information. The color difference channels are respectively carried by the I and Q components.

Y'CBCR
Y'CBCR is a color space used to represent digital component video.
Y is the brightness (luma) component, while Cb and Cr are the two color difference signals. The technically correct notation is Y'Cb'Cr' since all three components are derived from R'G'B.


Based on:

1. video codec and pixel format information

2. digital video colorspace


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